What are coenzymes?

• A. Inorganic molecules providing structure to enzymes
• B. Organic molecules that assist enzymes in transferring chemical groups or electrons
• C. Proteins that speed up reactions without being consumed
• D. A type of substrate that binds to enzymes

Answer: (B)

Coenzymes are organic molecules that play a crucial role in enzyme function by assisting with the transfer of chemical groups or electrons during biochemical reactions. They are often derived from vitamins and are essential for the activity of certain enzymes. By binding to the enzyme, coenzymes help facilitate various metabolic processes by transferring specific functional groups, such as methyl or phosphate groups, adding complexity and regulation to biochemical pathways.

The role of coenzymes is vital because many enzymes require these organic molecules as cofactors to achieve their functional shape or to carry out their reactions efficiently. Without coenzymes, many enzymatic reactions would be significantly hindered or might not occur at all. This relationship illustrates how coenzymes enhance the capabilities of enzymes, making them more versatile in catalyzing reactions within living organisms.