What is a key role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

• A. Transporting blood
• B. Facilitating communication between cells
• C. Breaking down food
• D. Regulating acid-base balance

Answer: (B)

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in facilitating communication between neurons (nerve cells) within the nervous system. They are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses, the gaps between neurons, allowing for the propagation of electrical impulses. When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron. This binding can generate a response, such as the continuation of the signal through the next neuron, or can inhibit that signal depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved.

This process is fundamental to numerous functions within the nervous system, including motor control, sensory perception, emotional regulation, and cognitive processes. In contrast, the other options, while important in their respective contexts, do not pertain to the primary role of neurotransmitters. For example, transporting blood relates to the function of the circulatory system, breaking down food pertains to the digestive system, and regulating acid-base balance involves renal and respiratory functions. Thus, the unique role of neurotransmitters in promoting communication between cells underscores their importance in overall nervous system function.