What is synaptic transmission?

• A. The process of hormone release
• B. The movement of ions across a membrane
• C. The process by which a signal is transmitted from one neuron to another across a synapse
• D. The conduction of nerve impulses along an axon

Answer: (C)

Synaptic transmission refers to the specific mechanism by which a signal is conveyed from one neuron to another at a specialized junction known as a synapse. This process involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, which is the gap between the sending and receiving neurons. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to various physiological effects depending on the type of neurotransmitter and receptor involved.

In contrast, the other provided options highlight different processes in the body. The release of hormones pertains to endocrine signaling rather than neuronal communication. The movement of ions across a membrane is a fundamental aspect of cellular physiology but does not specifically define synaptic transmission, as it can occur in various contexts beyond synapses. Lastly, the conduction of nerve impulses along an axon describes how electrical signals travel within a neuron, not the chemical communication that occurs between neurons. Therefore, option C accurately encapsulates the distinct process of synaptic transmission within the nervous system.