What is the purpose of the skin's sebaceous glands?

• A. To absorb water
• B. To secrete oil and lubricate the skin
• C. To produce sweat
• D. To facilitate hair growth

Answer: (B)

The sebaceous glands play a vital role in maintaining skin health by secreting an oily substance known as sebum. This oil helps to lubricate the skin and hair, preventing them from becoming dry and brittle. Sebum forms a protective barrier that not only traps moisture but also has antimicrobial properties, which can protect against bacterial infections. By providing moisture and reducing water loss through the skin, the sebaceous glands contribute to skin homeostasis and overall functioning.

Other options, while related to skin functions, do not accurately represent the role of sebaceous glands. For instance, absorbing water is primarily a function of the epidermis, particularly under certain circumstances, rather than an action of sebaceous glands. Producing sweat pertains to the function of sweat glands, which are separate structures responsible for temperature regulation and waste excretion. Facilitating hair growth is primarily influenced by hair follicles and related biological processes, rather than the action of sebaceous glands themselves. Thus, the primary function of the sebaceous glands is indeed to secrete oil and lubricate the skin.