Which condition is indicated by low body temperature?

• A. Hyperthermia
• B. Hypothermia
• C. Normothermia
• D. Acidosis

Answer: (B)

Low body temperature is most accurately described by hypothermia. This condition occurs when the body's core temperature drops below the normal range, which typically hovers around 98.6°F (37°C). Hypothermia can result from prolonged exposure to cold environments, inadequate clothing, or an inability to generate sufficient body heat. The body's physiological responses to low temperatures include shivering to generate heat and vasoconstriction to maintain internal warmth.

In contrast, hyperthermia refers to an elevated body temperature often linked to environmental heat exposure or exertion, while normothermia indicates a normal body temperature. Acidosis is a metabolic condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body fluids, but it does not directly correlate with body temperature changes. Hence, hypothermia directly defines the state of having a low body temperature.